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综合类阅读判断
读前活动
prereading activities
识记词汇：
veteran经验丰富的
jittery紧张不安的
mentor指导者
soprano 女高音；女高音歌手
cellist 大提琴演奏家
abdominal腹部的
fallible 易犯错误的
tenor男高音
1. Falling down onstage was not a good way for Vladimir Feltsman to deal with his stage fright.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2. There are many signs of stage fright.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3. Teachers and psychologists cannot help people with extreme .stage fright.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4 . To perform well on stage, you need to have some feelings of excitement.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5. If you have stage fright, it's helpful to have friendly audience.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6. Often people have stage fright because parents or teachers expect too much of them.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7. Famous musicians never suffer from stage fright.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
读中活动
while reading activities
+第十一篇 Stage Fright
Fall down as you come onstage. That‘s an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Felts man when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic, 2 Mr. Felts man said," All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?"
Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms : icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind.
Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces, inside out,to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don t deny that your're jittery, they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.
Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before performance ,Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile," she says. "And not one of “these' please don't kill me' smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them. " She doesn't want to think of the audience as a judge.
Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright, says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.
When Lynn Harrell was 20,he became the principal cellist of the Cleverl and Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. "There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought, If I have to go through this to play music, I think I'm going to look for another job. "Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.
It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz's nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. "They had to push him on stage," Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.
Actually, success can make things worse. "In the beginning of your career, when you're scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don't, have any expectations," Soprano June Anderson said. "There' s less to lose. Later on, when you re known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose. “
Anderson added, "I never stop being nervous until I've sung my last note. "
1. Falling down onstage was not a good way for Vladimir Feltsman to deal with his stage fright.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2. There are many signs of stage fright.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3. Teachers and psychologists cannot help people with extreme .stage fright.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4 . To perform well on stage, you need to have some feelings of excitement.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5. If you have stage fright, it's helpful to have friendly audience.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6. Often people have stage fright because parents or teachers expect too much of them.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7. Famous musicians never suffer from stage fright.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
读后活动
after reading activities
一、划出句子结构
二、查看中文释义
三、查找背景知识
读前活动
prereading activities
识记词汇：
ancestor祖宗，祖先
be decorated with 由……所装饰
honor vt. 尊敬,使荣幸;荣誉,尊敬
ears of com玉米穗
candleholder n.烛台
1.Kwanzaa is celebrated at the end of the year.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2.Kwanzaa is a holiday for African-Americans.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3.Kwanzaa is a very old holiday.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4.People in Africa celebrate Kwanzaa.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5.People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6.Children receive presents at the end of Kwanzaa.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7.Everyone thinks Kwanzaa is an important holiday.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
读中活动
while reading activities
+第十二篇 Starting a New Tradition
Shantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York. On a cold night in December, her family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candle. The table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of com for Shantelle and her two brothers.
“This candle represents umoja, an African word that means being together,” Shantelle says. “That's the most important thing for a family.”
Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa, and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family. More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every year from December 26 until January I. It's a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa.
Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one man. In 1966, an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for African-Americans to honor their culture and traditions. So he used words and customs from Africa to create a new celebration. He took the name Kwanzaa from the words for “first fruits” in Swahili, an African language. At first, a few American families had small celebrations at home. Now there are also Kwanzaa events in schools and public places，and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica.
The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candles, one for each of the principles of Kwanzaa. Each night, a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents：being together, being yourself, helping each other, sharing, having a goal，creating, and believing. The candles are red, black, and green, the colors of Kwanzaa. The parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have died. On the last night of Kwanzaa, there is a big dinner with African food, and children receive small presents.
Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothes. Stores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholders. Some people don't believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday，because it's so new. But other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing and that Kwanzaa shows what is important in people's lives.
Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because it's fun. “But I also learn new things every year," she says.
1.Kwanzaa is celebrated at the end of the year.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2.Kwanzaa is a holiday for African-Americans.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3.Kwanzaa is a very old holiday.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4.People in Africa celebrate Kwanzaa.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5.People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6.Children receive presents at the end of Kwanzaa.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7.Everyone thinks Kwanzaa is an important holiday.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
读后活动
after reading activities
一、划出句子结构
二、查看中文释义
三、查找背景知识
读前活动
prereading activities
识记词汇：
carnivore 食肉动物
hyena 鬣狗
pup 小狗
prey被捕食的动物
predator捕食者
culminate 告终，达到顶点
integrity 完整
Zimbabwe 津巴布韦
1.The African wild dog has been endangered.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2. The spotted hyena is on the verge of extinction.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3. The remaining lions will die out within decades.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4. The dominant female is always left behind to protect the young.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5. There is a tension between babysitting and hunting.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6. The size of a pack must be big enough for it to survive.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7. Steps will be taken to protect the African wild dog.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
读中活动
while reading activities
+第十三篇 A Dog’s Dilemma
Finding a babysitter while you go out to work is, for example, an inconvenience. For the African wild dog, one of the continents’s most endangered carnivores, it’s a matter of life and death. New research shows that once packs fall below a certain size, they are not enough animals to both hunt food and stay at home protecting the young.
The African wild dog has declined drastically over the past century. Habitual loss, persecution and unexplained outbreaks of disease have all been blamed. Only 3,000 to 5,000 animals remain, and the species is expected to go extinct within decades if the trend continues.
Other large carnivores such as the spotted hyena face similar pressures, yet are not declining. Now Franck Courchamp of Cambridge University has found a reason why. The dog’s weakness lies in its social organization.
Within each pack of up to 20 adults and pups, only he dominant male and female bread. The remaining animals help raise the pups, cooperating to hunt prey and defend the kill from other carnivores.
Because pups can’t keep up on a hunt, large packs leave an adult behind to protect them from predators, which include lions and hyenas. But leaving a babysitter also carries costs. A smaller hunting party is less able to tackle large prey and to defend the kill. There is also one less stomach in which to carry food back to the den, and one more mouth to feed when they get there.
Courchamp investigated this awkward trade-off by modeling how the costs of a babysitter change with decreasing pack size. This showed that packs of more than five adults should be able to feed all the pups and still spare a babysitter. But with smaller packs, either the hunting or the babysitting suffers, or the animals have to compensate by increasing he number of hunting excursions—which itself carries a cost to the pack.
Field observations in Zimbabwe supported the model. Packs of five animals or fewer left pups unguarded more frequently than larger packs did. There was also evidence that when they did leave a babysitter, they were forced to hunt more often.
A pack which drops below a critical size becomes caught in a vicious circle, says Courchamp, who is now at Paris-Sud University. “Poor reproduction and low survival further reduces pack size, culminating in failure of the whole pack.” And deaths caused by human activity, says Courchamp, may be what reduces pack numbers to below the sustainable threshold. Mammal ecologist Chris Carbone at London’s Institute of Zoology agrees. Maintaining the integrity of wild dog packs will be vital in preserving the species, he says.
1.The African wild dog has been endangered.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
2. The spotted hyena is on the verge of extinction.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
3. The remaining lions will die out within decades.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
4. The dominant female is always left behind to protect the young.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
5. There is a tension between babysitting and hunting.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
6. The size of a pack must be big enough for it to survive.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
7. Steps will be taken to protect the African wild dog.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
读后活动
after reading activities
一、划出句子结构
二、查看中文释义
三、查找背景知识 |